Anthropogenic
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Activation products
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Special isotopes
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Fission Products
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Nuclide boxes inclusive decay & production
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Dose: emitted energies per decay mode
Nucler Medicine
New application-related structur
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Therapy: Alpha & Beta Emitters
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Diagnostic: SPECT, In-vivo/-vitro
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PET: Positron Emitters
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Bone seeking, Boby composition
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Iodine's
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Dose: emitted energies per decay mode
Actinides
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U/Th (n,2n) & (n,γ) activation process
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Pu/Am/Np/U/Th/Pa - production
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All four Plutonium & Neptunium decay series
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Nuclide boxes inclusive decay & production
Calibration Radioisotopes
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Suitability of isotopes for calibra-tion using HPGe detectors
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Standard & multiphoton sources
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Low & high energy isotopes
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Natural intrinsic check sources
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Neutron sources as Cf & Am
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Nuclide boxes inclusive decay & production
Spectrometry Source-Detection Effects
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SE/DE/XE: single/double/x-ray escape
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CS/RS: coincidence/random summing
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Line broadening (Li-7)
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Asymmetric peaks: Ge lattice recoil
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Air filter samples: Pb-212 x-ray triplets
Naturals
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All decay series
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U-238/Th-232/U-235/Pu-244/(Np-237)
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Isotopics: Uranium ratios
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Cosmogenic, complementary nuclides
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Nuclide boxes inclusive decay & production
Particle Induced Radiation
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Shielding, detector/mounting material
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Muon induced radiation
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Neutron scattering & capture
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Activation isotopes
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Fluorescence in shielding materials
Week Interaction Decay
From Ar-36 to Pt-198
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Double beta decay
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Double EC decay
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Majorana mass
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Decay details
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References
Handbook description
Particular emphasis is placed on the methodical combination of the normative fundament of isotope decay-scheme with the decay structures in a new developed list-mode by the author, including:
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half-life, q-values, references, uncertainties
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Alpha-, Beta(-/+)-, EC-, IT-, sf-branches, energies & emission-probabilities as well for photons & x-rays
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energy-lists in intensity order with gray highlighted fields for energy interference for alpha’s
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cascade decays (level-population), crossover transitions, summing & escape energies as well coincidence & random summing,
but also a lot of additional information to the properties of isotopes as abundance, natural activity, activation, isotope production, etc. from the latest available nuclear data bases. The Handbook provides not only in-depth knowledge on decay information but also for the wide-field of n-interaction/activation occurring on nuclear power plants, on air components, on selected light isotopes as well as on cosmic induced radiation and observable photons produced in commonly used shielding, mounting and detector materials for lowest-background application. Isotopes helpful for indication or evidence of activation as Ag-106, Rh-102 and fission as I-130 are displayed.
Main Updates 2024/25
Extended and Revision
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New Release!
Discover the latest edition of Applied Nuclear Data - now available in softcover format. -
Nuclear Medicine => New actuell structur for therapy and diagnostic (February 2025)
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Therapy:
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Alpha-Emitter, targeted alpha, theranostic targeted alpha (+SPECT)
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Beta-Emitter, targeted beta, theranostic beta (+SPECT)
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Theranostic pair and liver
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Brachytherapy and Radiosynovectomy
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Targeted Auger therapy and theranostic targeted Auger therapy (+SPECT)
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Diagnostic:
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SPECT
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In-vivo and in-vitro
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PET, Bone seeking and body composition, Iodine's
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Extention of energy/isotope lists to ~4800 entries from all radioisotopes from the "Radionuclide Handbook" (~350 isotopes), inclusive SE, DE, XE, RS & CS effects, radioisotope production and additional information, has been prepared into the separate "Energy/Isotope Tabels".
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We have adapted the chapter "Nuclear Medicine" to the new current application-related structure. This affects the areas Alpha/Beta-Therapy, Targated and Theranostic-Therapy, Brachytherapy and Radiosynovectomy, Auger-Electrons but also Diagnostic (SPECT, in-vivo/vitro), PET, Body and Iodine's.
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Selected Radioisotopes such as I-130 (blocked fission product), produced only direct through fissison therefore used for spallation evidence for nuclear forensics, we have designated.
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For the direct detection of beta radiation selected standard calibration isotopes such as Beta- & CE emitter are now implemented on a separate page.
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The stable or extremely long-lived isotopes decaying only via two beta's or two EC - we have completed in a new subsection.
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In general, the latest available data are updated until February 2025 - selected from NNDC(NDS), BIPM(LNHB/LNE), IAEA and NP for each radioisotope.
Table of Contents
1 Quick Info
2 Introduction
2.1 Notes
2.2 Descriptions
2.3 Additional Symbols
3 Natural Radioisotopes & Neptunium
3.1 Decay Chains of Natural & Np Isotopes
3.1.1 U-238 Decay Chain (Radium Series)
3.1.2 Th-232 Decay Chain (Thorium Series)
3.1.3 U-235 Decay Chain (Actinium Series)
3.1.4 Np-237 Decay Chain (Neptunium Series)
3.2 Decay Details of Natural & Np Isotopes
3.2.1 U-238 Decay and their Daughters
3.2.2 Th-232 Decay and their Daughters
3.2.3 U-235 Decay and their Daughters
3.2.4 Np-237 Decay and their Daughters
3.2.5 Radiological Data and Isotopics of Uranium
3.2.6 Complementary Primordial Radioisotopes
3.2.7 Cosmogenic Produced Radioisotopes
3.2.8 X-Rays from Natural Families
4 Actinides & Transuranics
4.1 General View of Cf & Pu Production & Decay
4.1.1 Cf-249/Pu-241 to Np-237/U-233
4.1.2 Cf-250/Pu-242 to U-238/234
4.1.3 Cf-251/Pu-239 to U-235/Pa-231
4.1.4 Cf-252/Pu-244 to Th-232/228
4.2 Decay Details of Actinites & Transuranics
4.2.1 Cf & Cm Decays to Pu-Isotopes
4.2.2 Th-233 & Th-235 Decay & Production
4.2.3 Pu-Isotope Decays to U & Am Isotopes
5 Anthropogenic Radioisotopes
5.1 Industry, Energy & Research
5.1.1 Activation Products
5.1.2 Fission Products
5.2 Nuclear Medicine
5.2.1 Therapy (®-& ¯¡-Emitter)
5.2.2 Diagnostic
5.2.3 PET (Positron-Emitter)
5.2.4 Bone Seeking
5.2.5 Body Composition
5.3 Iodine’s, Te & Xe
5.3.1 Parent/Daughter Isobaric Decay Chains
5.4 Standard Calibration Radionuclides
5.4.1 Isotopes usable without Coincidence Correction
5.4.2 Isotopes requiring Coincidence Correction
5.4.3 Multi-Photon Standard Isotopes
5.4.4 Low- & High-Energy °-Ray Standards
5.4.5 Natural Occurring Isotopes
5.4.6 Alpha Radiation Source
5.4.7 Cf & Am Neutron Sources
5.4.8 Ge & Si X-ray Energies
5.4.9 Beta and CE Calibration Standards & Test Sources
6 Particle Induced Radiation
6.1 Low-Background Application
6.1.1 Neutron Scattering
6.1.2 Neutron Capture
6.1.3 Nuclide Activation in Ge, Cu & Fe
6.1.4 Fluorescence Excitation in Shielding Materials
6.2 Ge & Si X-ray Energies
6.3 Neutron Capture of Light Isotopes
6.4 Photon Energies of Particle Induced Isotopes
7 Double Beta & EC Decay
7.1 From Ar-36 to Pt-198
8 List of Isotopes and Materials
8.1 Properties of Isotopes
8.2 Properties of Detectors & Mounting Materials
A Appendix - Coincidence Decays & Corrections
A.1 Examples for Coincidence Decays
B Appendix - Data Evaluation
B.1 Comments to Data Evaluation & Emission Probability
C Appendix - Alpha Energy Lists in Energy-Order
C.1 Alpha Energies of Natural Radioisotopes
C.2 Alpha Energies of Lanthanides and Metals
C.3 Alpha Energies of Np-237 Decay Chain
C.4 Alpha Energies of Actinides Series
References
Index